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Pharmaceutical solid state · Industry updates

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Frontiers in Chemistry

Review examines cocrystal performance and barriers to clinical translation

A Frontiers in Chemistry review examines pharmaceutical cocrystals as a way to modify dissolution and related biopharmaceutical properties without changing an API's chemical identity. The abstract distinguishes solubility-limited BCS II drugs from permeability-limited BCS IV drugs. It highlights gastrointestinal instability, manufacturing reproducibility, coformer selection, and limited pharmacokinetic evidence. Much of the reported performance evidence remains preclinical.

AAPS Open

Compaction density reveals reversible urea polymorph changes under pressure

An AAPS Open study used a compaction simulator to track reversible density changes in urea between 600 and 900 MPa, consistent with its known form I-to-III transformation. The original abstract proposes in-die density monitoring as a material-sparing screen for pressure-induced phase changes. Applicability depends on a sufficiently large density difference; urea is the demonstrated model compound.

Crystal Growth & Design (ACS)

Water-based spherical crystallization improves drug-particle flow

Researchers produced spherical cyclandelate and cyclandelate–tenoxicam particles in water using thermally induced liquid–liquid phase separation. Stirring controlled droplet and particle-size distributions. Under selected conditions, angles of repose fell by roughly 43%–46% versus raw materials. The study combines particle measurements with molecular simulations; it does not establish improved clinical performance or commercial-scale manufacturability.

npj Computational Materials

Normalizing flows support molecular-crystal free-energy ranking across three pharmaceutical-relevant systems

A study in npj Computational Materials combines normalizing flows with targeted Bennett acceptance ratio calculations to estimate molecular-crystal lattice free energies. Validation on succinic acid, veliparib, and mivebresib agreed closely with the Einstein crystal method while reducing computational cost. The approach addresses anharmonic free-energy ranking rather than relying only on static lattice energies.

Crystal Growth & Design (ACS)

Vitamin B6 ternary eutectics change solubility and permeability in two BCS IV drugs

Researchers combined pyridoxine hydrochloride with mesalamine or acetazolamide and p-aminobenzoic acid to prepare ternary eutectic solids. The systems altered pH-dependent solubility and membrane permeability. Characterization distinguished a physical mixture from a cocrystal-containing eutectic, emphasizing that multicomponent formulations can have different phase identities. The reported laboratory results do not establish human bioavailability improvements.

Crystal Growth & Design (ACS)

Ivacaftor study links milling-induced solvates to starting form and crystal surfaces

A study of ivacaftor examined how solvent identity, liquid-additive volume, milling time, and starting solid form affect mechanochemical solvate formation. Crystalline Form C and amorphous material followed different transformation patterns. Structural and surface analyses suggest that mechanically exposed polar groups contribute to solvent incorporation, rather than solvent class or apparent dissolution capacity alone explaining the outcome.

Crystal Growth & Design (ACS)

Supramolecular gel supports furosemide salt-cocrystal growth at lower concentration

Researchers developed a calix[4]arene-based supramolecular gel whose assembly is triggered by dihydrogen phosphate. A salt cocrystal containing furosemide and its tetrabutylammonium salt grew within the gel at a lower furosemide concentration than required in the corresponding solution. The work demonstrates a crystallization environment, rather than a clinically validated pharmaceutical formulation or a ready-to-use manufacturing process.

Crystal Growth & Design (ACS)

Related sotorasib solvates follow different pathways to anhydrous polymorphs

Researchers characterized eight sotorasib solvates, including three previously unreported forms, using single-crystal diffraction and complementary thermal methods. Despite substantial structural similarities among most solvates, solvent removal led to different anhydrous-polymorph pathways. Experiments and molecular simulations point to local packing environments and thermal history as important factors, showing that similar solvates need not behave identically during drying.

Crystal Growth & Design / American Chemical Society

An ensemble-free-energy framework predicts binary and ternary molecular mixed crystals

A Crystal Growth & Design study combines CSP, force-field and lattice-dynamics calculations, machine-learning energy corrections, and scaled partition functions to model mixed crystals of anthracene, acridine, and phenazine. It reproduces key experimental binary trends and a ternary phase while predicting additional stable compositions. The validation uses model molecular systems rather than pharmaceutical drug products.

ACS Omega (ACS)

Terahertz workflow tracks formation of a model pharmaceutical salt

Researchers combined terahertz spectroscopy, Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics, and interpretable deep learning to monitor salt formation in an 8-hydroxyquinolinium salicylate model system. Measurements across 80–300 K helped assign lattice-vibration features and establish a stage-resolved analytical workflow. The study is a model-system demonstration of process monitoring, rather than evidence of deployment across commercial active pharmaceutical ingredient processes.

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