From Classical PKPD to Model-Informed Drug Development: Are “Digital Twins” a New Paradigm?

Research guide

This perspective examines digital-twin claims against established pharmacometric practice. It argues that individual simulation, sequential updating, and decision-focused uncertainty analysis have longstanding roots in PK/PD modeling. The author emphasizes that fundamental limits, including identifiability, remain relevant despite new terminology.

Potential research relevance

Useful for evaluating modeling claims without confusing a new label with demonstrated predictive performance.

Guide basis: Original journal abstract and bibliographic metadata. No expert sign-off or citation count is claimed.